Wait, Do We Still Use ADDIE?
Yes, we do, or at least we should – and here’s why.
Even with the growing number of frameworks like SAM, Agile, and LLAMA, the ADDIE model in instructional design remains highly relevant. This is not about holding on to tradition for its own sake. It is about recognizing that effective learning design benefits from both structure and adaptability.
Think of ADDIE like a well-coordinated octopus. Each arm is responsible for a specific function such as research, design, development, testing, or deployment, Yet, all functions are connected to a central brain focused on a single learning goal. This model is not rigid. It moves with purpose, adjusts when needed, and remains grounded in performance outcomes.
In this post, I will unpack ADDIE’s role in today’s learning environment, explore current perspectives in the ongoing debate about its relevance, and demonstrate how to integrate it with modern development approaches such as Agile. You will leave with practical examples, reflection prompts, and tactical strategies to apply in your next project.
About the ADDIE Model
A Framework That Grows With You
ADDIE stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It is a five-phase framework that guides the creation of effective learning experiences.
Although it is often portrayed as a linear process, the real power of ADDIE emerges when it is used as a cycle. Each phase informs the others, allowing designers to revisit and refine their approach throughout the project.
When you treat ADDIE as a living cycle, rather than a locked sequence, it becomes one of the most practical and reliable tools in your instructional design toolkit.
Analysis
Begin by asking the right questions. Who are your learners? What do they need to be able to do as a result of this training? What existing resources or challenges should be considered?
This phase is frequently rushed or skipped entirely. However, it is essential for defining the problem before attempting to solve it.
Design
In the design phase, ideas take shape. It involves aligning activities, assessments, and content with the objectives defined during analysis. Outputs from this phase include storyboards, scripts, templates, and key design decisions related to tone, media, and delivery.
Development
Development is where your vision becomes tangible. Authoring tools such as Storyline, Rise, Camtasia, or Captivate are used to build the learning experience. This phase also includes iterative revisions based on feedback from stakeholders and subject matter experts.
Implementation
Implementation is the launch point. This includes SCORM testing, LMS configuration, learner communications, and rollout strategies. A structured launch checklist is invaluable during this phase.
Evaluation
Evaluation is often overlooked, but it is essential. It allows you to assess what worked, what did not, and what should change. Ideally, evaluation begins early and continues throughout the project life cycle.
The ADDIE Debate
In recent years, the learning and development community has revisited the relevance of ADDIE. Rather than focusing on tired arguments about it being “too rigid,” today’s critiques reflect evolving workplace demands and team dynamics.
Critiques of ADDIE
Defending ADDIE
Reflection Question
How are you currently using ADDIE in your workflow? Does it enhance clarity or feel like a constraint?
ADDIE and Agile
Not Opposites, but Partners
A common misconception in applying the ADDIE model in instructional design is that it cannot work alongside Agile.
This is not necessary.
In fact, the two complement each other well. Agile determines how your team works—using sprints, user stories, and retrospectives. ADDIE ensures that what you build stays aligned with learning goals, user needs, and business impact.
If the answer to the second question is no, your content needs to be more focused.
Agile is the tempo. ADDIE is the map.
- What should the learner be able to do after this?
- Can I summarize the key takeaway in one sentence?
Used together, they form a powerful, modern approach to instructional design.
Examples of ADDIE in Practice
Scenario 1: Tight Deadlines
You are asked to deliver a training module within days.
ADDIE Approach:
Use rapid Analysis to identify the core behavior or outcome, then create a lean Design Brief to guide focused Development.
Scenario 2: Engagement Challenges
Your course meets technical requirements but lacks learner engagement.
ADDIE Approach:
Revisit the Design phase to ensure alignment between activities and objectives. Consider integrating more user-centered design elements.
Scenario 3: No Post-Launch Data
A course has launched, but there is no insight into whether it worked.
ADDIE Approach:
Even basic feedback and performance tracking can provide valuable insights for future improvements.
Simple Tips for Using ADDIE Effectively
- Use the ADDIE model in instructional design to ensure each phase has a clear purpose, especially when working within fast-moving teams
- Use templates and phase-specific checklists to stay organized.
- Treat ADDIE as a cycle rather than a sequence.
- Incorporate feedback and data at every stage.
- Integrate ADDIE into Agile sprints for a hybrid approach.
- Use tools like Rise, Storyline, or Canva to speed up prototyping and design work.
Reflection Question
Which ADDIE phase do you invest in the least, and how might giving it more attention improve your outcomes?
Final Thoughts
ADDIE is not a rigid, outdated model. When used intentionally, it provides the structure needed to manage complexity, align goals, and deliver meaningful learning experiences.
Whether you are a solo designer, part of an L&D team, or building at scale, ADDIE is not a limitation. It is a foundation. When paired with Agile thinking and modern tools, it becomes a dynamic guide for creating relevant and effective instruction.
So before diving into development, pause. Revisit your analysis. Map out your design. Evaluate continuously. Your learners, and your results will reflect the difference.